5TH QUIZ 2ND part

4. Differentiate among various types of optical discs: CDs, archive discs and Picture CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs.

 

COMPACT DISC

COMPACT DISC is an optical disc used to store digital data. It was originally developed to store and playback sound recordings exclusively, but later expanded to encompass data storage (CD-ROM), write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD-RW), Video Compact Discs (VCD), Super Video Compact Discs (SVCD), PhotoCD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced CD. Audio CDs and audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982.

CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable)

A CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) is a variation of the Compact Disc invented by PhilipsSony. CD-R is a Write Once Read Many (WORM) optical medium, though the whole disk does not have to be entirely written in the same session. and

CD-R retains a high level of compatibility with standard CD readers, unlike CD-RW – which can be re-written, but is not capable of playing on many readers, and also uses more expensive media.

 
 

Picture CD

Picture CD is a product by Kodak, following on from the earlier Photo CD product. It holds photos from a single roll of color film, stored at 1024×1536 resolution using JPEG compression. The product is aimed at consumers. Software to view and perform simple edits to images is included on the CD.

Most digital minilabs and many Kodak Picture Kiosks are capable of producing Kodak Picture CDs from either film or digital pictures. The Picture CD is a standard recordable CD with Kodak software prerecorded. Images are burned onto the CD using a standard CD-R drive. In addition, Picture CDs are also available with thumbnails printed onto the label.

DVD

DVD is an optical disc storage media format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions.

Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD. Such discs are known as DVD-ROM, because data can only be read and not written nor erased. Blank recordable DVDs (DVD-R and DVD+R) can be recorded once using a DVD recorder and then function as a DVD-ROM. Rewritable DVDs (DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM) can be recorded and erased multiple times.

DVDs are used in DVD-Video consumer digital video format and in DVD-Audio consumer digital audio format, as well as for authoring AVCHD discs. DVDs containing other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs.

Blu-ray Disc

Blu-ray Disc (official abbreviation BD) is an optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the DVD format. The disc diameter is 120 mm and disc thickness 1.2 mm plastic optical disc, the same size as DVDs and CDs. Blu-ray Discs contain 25 GB (23.31 GiB) per layer, with dual layer discs (50 GB), the norm for feature-length video discs. Triple layer discs (100 GB) and quadruple layers (128 GB) are available for BD-XL Blu-ray re-writer drives.[2] Currently movie production companies have not utilized the triple or quadruple layer discs, most consumer owned Blu-ray players will not be able to read the additional layers, while newer Blu-ray players may require a firmware update to play the triple and quadruple sized discs.

The first Blu-ray Disc prototypes were unveiled in October 2000, and the first prototype player was released in April 2003 in Japan. After that, it continued to be developed until its official release in June 2006.

The name Blu-ray Disc refers to the blue laser used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs.

Blu-ray Disc was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, and motion pictures. As of June 2009, more than 1,500 Blu-ray Disc titles were available in Australia and the United Kingdom, with 2,500 in the United States and Canada.[3] In Japan, as of July 2010, more than 3,300 titles have been released.[4][update][update]

During the high definition optical disc format war, Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVDToshiba, the main company that supported HD DVD, conceded in February 2008,[5][6] format. releasing their own Blu-ray Disc player in late 2009.

 

 

 

5. Summarize the characteristics of ink-jet printers, photo printers, laser printers, multifunction peripherals, thermal printers, mobile printers, label and postage printers, and plotters and large-format printers

In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a text and/or graphics of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a printer cable or, in most newer printers, a USB cable to a computer which serves as a document source. Some printers, commonly known as network printers, have built-in network interfaces, typically wireless and/or Ethernet memory cards, or to image capture devices such as digital cameras, scanners; some printers are combined with a scanners and/or fax machines in a single unit, and can function as photocopiers. Printers that include non-printing features are sometimes called multifunction printers (MFP), multi-function devices (MFD), or all-in-one (AIO) printers. Most MFPs include printing, scanning, and copying among their many features. based, and can serve as a hard copy device for any user on the network. Individual printers are often designed to support both local and network connected users at the same time. In addition, a few modern printers can directly interface to electronic media such as
Consumer and some commercial printers are designed for low-volume, short-turnaround print jobs; requiring virtually no setup time to achieve a hard copy of a given document. However, printers are generally slow devices (30 pages per minute is considered fast; and many inexpensive consumer printers are far slower than that), and the cost per page is actually relatively high. However, this is offset by the on-demand convenience and project management costs being more controllable compared to an out-sourced solution. The printing press remains the machine of choice for high-volume, professional publishing. However, as printers have improved in quality and performance, many jobs which used to be done by professional print shops are now done by users on local printers; see desktop publishing. Local printers are also increasingly taking over the process of photofinishing as digital photo printers become commonplace. The world's first computer printer was a 19th century mechanically driven apparatus invented by Charles Babbage for his Difference Engine.
A virtual printer is a piece of computer software whose user interface and API resemble that of a printer driver, but which is not connected with a physical computer printer.

5TH QUIZ 1ST part

1. Differentiate between storage devices and storage media.

STORAGE DEVICES is a device for recording (storing) information (data). Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy, spanning from manual muscle power in handwriting, to acoustic vibrations in phonographic recording, to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape and optical discs.

A storage device may hold information, process information, or both. A device that only holds information is a recording medium. Devices that process information (data storage equipment) may either access a separate portable (removable) recording medium or a permanent component to store and retrieve information.

Electronic data storage is storage which requires electrical power to store and retrieve that data. Most storage devices that do not require vision and a brain to read data fall into this category. Electromagnetic data may be stored in either an analog or digital format on a variety of media. This type of data is considered to be electronically encoded data, whether or not it is electronically stored in a semiconductor device, for it is certain that a semiconductor device was used to record it on its medium. Most electronically processed data storage media (including some forms of computer data storage) are considered permanent (non-volatile) storage, that is, the data will remain stored when power is removed from the device. In contrast, most electronically stored information within most types of semiconductor (computer chips) microcircuits are volatile memory, for it vanishes if power is removed.

With the exception of barcodes and OCR data, electronic data storage is easier to revise and may be more cost effective than alternative methods due to smaller physical space requirements and the ease of replacing (rewriting) data on the same medium. However, the durability of methods such as printed data is still superior to that of most electronic storage media. The durability limitations may be overcome with the ease of duplicating (backing-up) electronic data.

STORAGE MEDIA Material constructed to hold digital data in conjunction with storage devices: data from e.g. computer, digital camera is written by storage device onto storage media. * May be magnetic e.g. Zip, Jaz, SuperDisk, CompactFlash disks; may be optical e.g. CD, DVD; or may be magneto-optical e.g. MO disks.
 

2. Identify the uses of tape, magnetic stripe cards, smart cards, microfilm and microfiche, and enterprise storage.

       THESE DEVICES are use as a STORAGE DEVICE in which stores data and more.STORAGE DEVICES are device for recording (storing) information (data). Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy, spanning from manual muscle power in handwriting, to acoustic vibrations in phonographic recording, to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape and optical discs.

3. Describe the various types of flash memory storage: solid state drives, memory cards, USB flash drives, and ExpressCard modules.

TYPES OF FLASH MEMORY STORAGE:

Floating-gate transistor

In Floating-gate transistor,this flash memory each memory cell resembles a standard MOSFET, except the transistor has two gates instead of one. On top is the control gate (CG), as in other MOS transistors, but below this there is a floating gate (FG) insulated all around by an oxide layer. The FG is interposed between the CG and the MOSFET channel. Because the FG is electrically isolated by its insulating layer, any electrons placed on it are trapped there and, under normal conditions, will not discharge for many years. When the FG holds a charge, it screenselectric field from the CG, which modifies the threshold voltage (V_T) of the cell. During read-out, a voltage intermediate between the possible threshold voltages is applied to the CG, and the MOSFET channel will become conducting or remain insulating, depending on the V_T of the cell, which is in turn controlled by charge on the FG. The current flow through the MOSFET channel is sensed and forms a binary code, reproducing the stored data. In a multi-level cell device, which stores more than one bit per cell, the amount of current flow is sensed (rather than simply its presence or absence), in order to determine more precisely the level of charge on the FG. (partially cancels) the

NOR flash

In NOR gate flash, each cell has one end connected directly to ground, and the other end connected directly to a bit line.

This arrangement is called "NOR flash" because it acts like a NOR gate: when one of the word lines is brought high, the corresponding storage transistor acts to pull the output bit line low. NOR Flash continues to be the technology of choice for embedded applications requiring a discrete non-volatile memory device. The low read latencies characteristic of NOR devices allow for both direct code execution and data storage in a single memory product.

SOLID STATE DRIVES

SOLID STATE DRIVES (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data with the intention of providing access in the same manner of a traditional block i/o hard disk drive. SSDs are distinguished from traditional hard disk drives (HDDs), which are electromechanical devices containing spinning disksread/write heads. SSDs, in contrast, use microchips which retain data in non-volatile memory chips and contain no moving parts. Compared to electromechanical HDDs, SSDs are typically less susceptible to physical shock, are silent, and have lower access time and latency, but are more expensive per gigabyte (GB) and typically support a limited number of writes over the life of the device. SSDs use the same interface as hard disk drives, thus easily replacing them in most applications. and movable

As of 2010, most SSDs use NAND-based flash memory, which retains memory even without power. SSDs using volatile random-access memory (RAM) also exist for situations which require even faster access, but do not necessarily need data persistence after power loss, or use external power or batteries to maintain the data after power is removed.^[update]

A hybrid drive combines the features of an HDD and an SSD in one unit, containing a large HDD, with a smaller SSD cache to improve performance of frequently accessed files. These can offer near-SSD performance in most applications (such as system startup and loading applications) at a lower price than an SSD. These are not suitable for data-intensive work, nor do they offer the other advantages of SSDs.

Quiz 3. part 3

8. What are the advantages of using application software on the Web.
The term application software should be contrasted with system software or system programs such as operating systems. For example, a power generation plant (system) is of no use until utilized to an electric light bulb (application) to provide light to the user. Similarly an operating system is of no use until harnessed to an application program that benefits the user. An operating system runs application programs, which a software user utilizes for achieving some task.
Types of Application Software:
There are various types of application software, these include:
Business application software: Business application or enterprise software deals with the needs of data flow. Various organization processes are also carried out by enterprise software. A business enterprise outsourcing services to an application development firm expects the best solutions to deal with the financial processes of the organization.
Documentation tools and Resource management tools: These application programs come under the category of information worker software. These programs manage individual projects within a department. When outsourcing services to .net application development firm, enterprises expect outstanding documentation and resource management tools for managing information in individual projects with ease.
Simulation software: best examples of simulation software are scientific simulator and flight simulator. These programs are mainly used in both research and entertainment.
A professional .net application development company boasts a highly skilled and experienced team of .net application developers using the Microsoft .Net framework. It also provides helpful ASP.net consulting to web application developers for creating dynamic websites and web applications easily. This helps in the development of cost efficient and innovative business solutions for enterprises.

9. History of the Internet.
The history of the Internet starts in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of computers. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks.
In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science Network (CSNET) and again in 1986 when NSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. Commercial internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and 1990s and the Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.
Since the mid-1990s the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) and Internet2. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbps, 10-Gbps, or more. The Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information and knowledge, commerce, entertainment and social networking.

10. What are diferent storage devices.
Primary storage (or main memory or internal memory), often referred to simply as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU. The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as required. Any data actively operated on is also stored there in uniform manner. 


Secondary storage(also known as external memory or auxiliary storage), differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU. The computer usually uses its input/outputintermediate area channels to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data using in primary storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered down—it is non-volatile. Per unit, it is typically also two orders of magnitude less expensive than primary storage. Consequently, modern computer systems typically have two orders of magnitude more secondary storage than primary storage and data is kept for a longer time there.


Tertiary storage or tertiary memory, provides a third level of storage. Typically it involves a robotic mechanism which will mount (insert) and dismount removable mass storage media into a storage device according to the system's demands; this data is often copied to secondary storage before use. It is primarily used for archiving rarely accessed information since it is much slower than secondary storage (e.g. 5–60 seconds vs. 1–10 milliseconds). This is primarily useful for extraordinarily large data stores, accessed without human operators. Typical examples include tape libraries and optical jukeboxes. 

4TH QUIZ

Create also a word processing, presentation, and spreed sheets applications in Google documents.

GOOGLE PRESENTATION:

https://docs.google.com/present/edit?id\

=0AebxOLZSxO5PZGY1enZzZ3RfMGQ5MnJxY2Y4&hl=en_US

GOOGLE WORD:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_dvHHofU

SPbbY90uW6DsqX6vBKaTIE017ZI_xpHoFrg/edit?hl=en_US

GOOGLE SPREADSHEET:

https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?

key=0AubxOLZSxO5PdHRMT0hpc19RakdGeXJqcWhPVz

V5M3c&hl=en_US

3RD QUIZ part 2

6. Identify the categories of application software.

Application software, also known as an application or an "app", is computer softwareuser to perform singular or multiple related specific tasks. Examples include enterprise software, accounting software, office suites, graphics software and media players. Many application programs deal principally with documents. Apps may be bundled with the computer and its system software, or may be published separately. Some users are satisfied with the bundled apps and need never install one. designed to help the
Application software is contrasted with system software and middleware, which manage and integrate a computer's capabilities, but typically do not directly apply them in the performance of tasks thatBold text benefit the user. The system software serves the application, which in turn serves the user.
Similar relationships apply in other fields. For example, a shopping mall does not provide the merchandise a shopper is seeking, but provides space and services for retailers that serve the shopper. Rail tracks similarly support trains, allowing the trains to transport passengers.
Application software applies the power of a particular computing platform or system software to a particular purpose. Some apps such as Microsoft Office are available in versions for several different platforms; others have narrower requirements and are thus called, for example, a Geography application for Windows or an Android application for education or Linux gaming. Sometimes a new and popular application arises which only runs on one platform, increasing the desirablity of that platform. This is called a killer application.
 

 

 

7. Identify the key features of widely used business programs.

• Digital Dashboards - Also known as Business Intelligence Dashboards, Enterprise Dashboards, or Executive Dashboards, these are visually based summaries of business data that show at-a-glance understanding of conditions through metrics and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). A very popular BI tool that has arisen in the last few years.
• Online Analytical Processing, commonly known as OLAP (including HOLAP, ROLAP and MOLAP) - a capability of some management, decision support, and executive information systems that supports interactive examination of large amounts of data from many perspectives.
• Reporting software generates aggregated views of data to keep the management informed about the state of their business.
• Data mining - extraction of consumer information from a database by utilizing software that can isolate and identify previously unknown patterns or trends in large amounts of data. There are a variety of data mining techniques that reveal different types of patterns.Statistical methods (particularly Business statistics) and Neural networks as very advanced means of analysing data. Some of the techniques that belong here are
• Business performance management (BPM)

 

 

2ND QUIZ

1. Describe various types of pen input, and identify other types of input for smart phones?

Tablet PC is the pen input system. All Tablet PC computers have a digitizer beneath the screen that accepts pen input. This new input mechanism requires you to think about how to build applications specifically for Tablet PC. The Tablet PC platform application programming interface (API) helps you do this.

Collection, Data Management, and Recognition

The Tablet PC platform can be divided into three distinct areas:

• Ink collection (objects that are used to collect ink from the digitizer).
• Ink data management (objects that are used to manage the collected ink).
• Ink recognition (objects that are used to convert the collected ink into other types of data, such as text).

The following image shows, at a high level, how the Ink Collection API (Pen API), Ink Data Management API (Ink API), and Ink Recognition API (Recognition API) work together in the Tablet PC platform.

The Tablet PC platform API is available in a Managed Library and an Automation Library. The following topics describe the objects in the API and illustrate how applications use these objects.

2. The purpose of various game controllers: gamepads, joysticksand wheels, light guns, dance pads,
and motion-sensing game controllers.

    

 A lever that moves in all directions and controls the movement of a pointer or some other display symbol. A joystick is similar to a mouse, except that with a mouse the cursor stops moving as soon as you stop moving the mouse. With a joystick, the pointer continues moving in the direction the joystick is pointing. To stop the pointer, you must return the joystick to its upright position. Most joysticks include two buttons called triggers.

Joysticks are used mostly for computer games, but they are also used occasionally for CAD/CAM systems and other applications.

3. Explain how resolution affects the quality of a picture captured on a

digital camera.

          It describes the detail an image holds. The term applies to raster digital images, film images, and other types of images. Higher resolution means more image detail.

Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Basically, resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved. Resolution units can be tied to physical sizes (e.g. lines per mm, lines per inch), to the overall size of a picture (lines per picture height, also known simply as lines, or TV lines), or to angular subtenant. Line pairs are often used instead of lines; a line pair comprises a dark line and an adjacent light line. A Line (or TV line, TVL) is either a dark line or a light line. A resolution of 10 lines per millimeter means 5 dark lines alternating with 5 light lines, or 5 line pairs per millimeter (5 LP/mm). Photographic lens and film resolution are most often quoted in line pairs per millimeter.

4. Describe the uses of voice recognition, Web cams, and video conferencing

     Voice recognition is the process of taking the spoken word as an input to a computer program. This process is important to virtual reality because it provides a fairly natural and intuitive way of controlling the simulation while allowing the user's hands to remain free. This article will delve into the uses of voice recognition in the field of virtual reality, examine how voice recognition is accomplished, and list the academic disciplines that are central to the understanding and advancement of voice recognition technology.

      

      Web-cam is a video camera which feeds its images in real time to a computer or computer network, often via USB, ethernet or Wi-Fi.

Their most popular use is the establishment of video links, permitting computers to act as videophones or videoconference stations. This common use as a video camera for the World Wide Web gave the webcam its name. Other popular uses include security surveillance and computer vision.

Webcams are known for their low manufacturing cost and flexibility, making them the lowest cost form of videotelephony. They have also become a source of security and privacy issues, as some built-in webcams can be remotely activated via spyware.

          

      A video-conference or video conference (also known as a video teleconference) is a set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called 'visual collaboration' and is a type of groupware.

Videoconferencing differs from videophone calls in that it's designed to serve a conference rather than individuals. It is an intermediate form of video-telephony, first deployed commercially by AT&T during the early 1970s using their Picture-phone technology.

5. Discuss how various scanners and reading devices work: optical scanners,

optical readers, bar code readers, RFID readers, magnetic stripe card

readers, MICR readers, and data collection devices. 

In computing, an image scanner—often abbreviated to just scanner— is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image. Common examples found in offices are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Hand-held scanners, where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from text scanning "wands" to 3D scanners used for industrial design, reverse engineering, test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other applications. Mechanically driven scanners that move the document are typically used for large-format documents, where a flatbed design would be impractical.

An optical reader is a device found within most computer scanners that captures visual information and translates the image into digital information the computer is capable of understanding and displaying.

An example of optical readers are marksense systems for elections where voters mark their choice by filling a rectangle, circle or oval, or by completing an arrow. After the voting a tabulating device reads the votes using "dark mark logic", whereby the computer selects the darkest mark within a given set as the correct choice or vote.

Marksense is also used extensively in such areas as lotteries and multiple choice tests.

6.  Summarize the various biometric devices: fingerprint reader, face
recognition system, hand geometry system, voice verification system,
signature verification system, and iris recognition system

ØDevice that reads informations from fingerprint, face, hand structure, voice , signature and to iris of a user or owner.

• as text).

The Devil Arm themselves (Melee)

 The Sparda and its unawakened form(Top), the Force Edge(Buttom), is the beloved demon-forged sword wielded by the The Dark Knight Sparda himself, and magically imbued with his power. Throughout the series, the sword is recognized as a source of god-like power, and in both Devil May Cry 3 and 4, it was the main objective of the villains. It is Dante's default weapon in Devil May Cry, and Trish's in Devil May Cry 2.

The Agni & Rudra are a pair of talking and living Devil Arms with serrated edges appearing in Devil May Cry 3 which originate from Agni & Rudra. They can be combined, and are able to hurl forth fire and tornado-like gusts using their technique "of gales and flames". They are wielded by Dante during the course of the game.

 Rebellion is Dante's standard sword. A keepsake and memento given to him by his father. This large magical blade is the physical manifestation of his power. Though it has the form of a standard claymore, it is a magical blade, and through its name, meaning "resistance", a symbol of his spirit. The blade's power originally laid dormant, but through contact with Dante's blood it was awakened to its true power.

Alastor is a living Devil Arm, the Thunder Sword and "Spirit of Lightning"Cite error: Closing. It only obeys commands of the chosen one. Hence, the powers of the Alastor do not work effectively against the Plasma.", appearing in Devil May Cry. It can only be wielded by the "chosen one" who can conquer it, but it is able to grant its possessor lightning speed and aerial capability.